By Michael Huemer
Epistemology: modern Readings is a finished anthology that attracts jointly major philosophers writing at the significant issues in epistemology. The booklet starts off with a longer advent via Robert Audi, one of many prime specialists within the box of epistemology within which he units the level for the topics of the reader. each one part is prefaced through an introductory essay through the editor. Works contain these through Russell, Hume, Berkeley, Quine, Carnap, Nozick, Putnam, Moore, Plato, BonJour, Coady, Carroll, Fumerton, Edwards, Foster, Howson, Urbach, range, Empiricus, Oakley, Alston, Gettier, Clark, Goldman, Lehrer, Paxson, DeRose, Dretske, Klein and Chisolm.
Part of the Routledge modern Readings in Philosophy sequence.
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Extra info for Epistemology: Contemporary Readings
Example text
I think an intuitive knowledge may be obtained of this by any one that shall attend to what is meant by the term exists, when applied to sensible things. The table I write on I say exists, that is, I see and feel it; and if I were out of my study I should say it existed—meaning thereby that if I was in my study I might perceive it, or that some other spirit actually does perceive it. There was an odour, that is, it was smelt; there was a George Berkeley, The Principles of Human Knowledge (Chicago: Open Court, 1904).
For this book, the interesting thing is to compare what Moore says with what the other defenders of common sense have maintained. One question is what constitutes a proof (a topic discussed in Chapter 9 of Epistemology in the section that explores the sense, if any, in which scientific 22 INTRODUCTION hypotheses are “proved”). Chisholm, for instance, does not claim the possibility of a proof when he says that we do know many things. It might seem that Moore is loose in speaking of proof, but he is more discriminating than one might at first sight think.
Descartes In René Descartes’s first two Meditations (reprinted below after a synopsis of his entire set of Meditations), he formulates a powerful skeptical challenge (First Meditation) and then overcomes it to his satisfaction (Second Meditation). One of the noteworthy elements in these meditations is the notion of certainty that emerges. In some contexts it sounds as if he may be speaking of psychological certainty, roughly a virtually maximal degree of conviction regarding a proposition. But most of the time it seems clear that his concern is to achieve epistemic certainty, which is roughly a matter of being both true and utterly beyond any reasonable doubt.