By James H. Fetzer (ed.)
This choice of papers has been derived from a unique triple-issue of SYNTHESE dedicated to epistemology and cognition. approximately two-thirds of these contributions are reprinted the following in a a little diversified series, that's meant to spotlight and to enhance their dating to each other. when it comes to creation, a couple of phrases referring to every one may perhaps end up to be worthy. The Prologue offers a looking research of the kin among connectionism and types of nativism, within which Stephen Stich and William Ramsey distinguish 3 positions - minimum rationalism, antiempiricism, and rationalism - suggesting that connectionism can't defeat the 1st yet may possibly defeat the 3rd, the place lots of the fascinating situations appear to fall in among.
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43. Ie Sampson (1987a), p. 877. Sampson (1987b), p. 643. \1 See Goodman (1965). Compare Morgan (1986), p. " ;1 Wexler and Culicover (1980), p. 10. IS We are indebted to Jeffrey Elman for convincing us of the importance of this point. \(, Rumelhart and McClelland (1986c), p. 140. 17 Rumelhart (personal communication). : 1983, 'Using What You Know: A Computer-Science Perspective', Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6, 402-403. Charniak, E. and E. : 1965, Aspects afthe Theory of Syntax, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
27 A number of connectionist models attempt to account for aspects of language that have been difficult to capture in more conventional rulebased systems. It appears that sensitivity to several different sources of information (such as cues from phonetic, semantic, and contextual factors) is much easier to implement in connectionist networks with distributed encodings and parallel processing. One system exploiting CONNECTIONISM AND THREE LEVELS OF NATIVISM 19 t iJis type of architecture was designed by McClelland and Kawamoto (\986) to assign correct case roles to constituents of sentences.
SYlltax and Semantics Fodor takes constituent structure to be syntactic structure. But on this construal of structure, a LOT can bc had, if not for free, then very cheaply. We can see this by examining the relation between syntax and semantics. We have two related claims to make: first, that if you have a semantic interpretation and something to map it on to, then you can generate a trivial syntax; and second, that you can't have a syntax properly so described without a prior semantics of which it is the syntax.