By James H. Harlow
Twenty of the 24 chapters during this strength transformer guide are revised types of chapters released within the electrical energy engineering instruction manual (2001). 9 of the chapters assessment the layout, connection, operation, and function trying out of particular kinds of transformers, reminiscent of phase-shifting transformers, rectifier transformers, and step-voltage regulators. different issues contain insulating media, electric bushings, load faucet changers, transformer safety, the factors and results of transformer sound degrees, and on-line tracking of liquid-immersed transformers.
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Additional info for Electric Power Transformer Engineering, Second Edition
Sample text
15 shows a helical winding during the winding process. Helical windings are used for the higher-current applications frequently encountered in the lower-voltage classes. 15 Helical winding during assembly. ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Winding cylinder Inner cross-over Lead brought out of coil to connections point or bushing terminal Axial duct 10 9 8 7 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 31 32 33 34 35 5 4 3 2 1 20 Outer cross-over 36 37 38 39 40 Winding continued...
A general expression for the regulation can be written as: % regulation ¼ [(VNL À VFL )=VFL ] Â 100 (2:3) where VNL is the voltage at no load VFL is the voltage at full load The regulation is dependent upon the impedance characteristics of the transformer, the resistance (r), and more significantly the ac reactance (x), as well as the power factor of the load. The regulation can be calculated based on the transformer impedance characteristics and the load power factor using the following formulas: % regulation ¼ pr þ qx þ [(px À qr)2 =200] (2:4) q ¼ SQRT (1 À p2 ) (2:5) where p is the power factor of the load r and x are expressed in terms of per unit on the transformer base The value of q is taken to be positive for a lagging (inductive) power factor and negative for a leading (capacitive) power factor.
15 Helical winding during assembly. ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Winding cylinder Inner cross-over Lead brought out of coil to connections point or bushing terminal Axial duct 10 9 8 7 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 31 32 33 34 35 5 4 3 2 1 20 Outer cross-over 36 37 38 39 40 Winding continued... 16 Basic disc winding layout. 4 Disc Windings A disc winding can involve a single strand or several strands of insulated conductors wound in a series of parallel discs of horizontal orientation, with the discs connected at either the inside or outside as a crossover point.