By Ron C. Michaelis
A Litigator's advisor to DNA educates litigators, judges, criminalists, scholars, and others approximately all facets of using DNA proof in felony and civil trials. It contains discussions of the molecular organic foundation for the assessments, crucial laboratory practices, chance idea and mathematical calculations. It provides matters correct to all events excited by attempting a case, from the prosecution and the security, and to the pass judgement on and jury. The booklet is additionally super priceless as a textual content for college kids intending to careers in forensic technological know-how and felony law.
The authors supply an entire history on either the molecular biology and the mathematical conception at the back of forensic exams written particularly for individuals with very little technology heritage. No different ebook relates the foundational details on molecular biology and records to felony perform concerns as commonly as this e-book does.
* "Recapping the most aspect" containers supply an easy and concise precis of the most points
* incorporates a word list of crucial phrases and their definitions
* includes a full-color insert with illustrations that emphasize key techniques
Read or Download A Litigator's Guide to DNA PDF
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Additional info for A Litigator's Guide to DNA
Example text
1 Therefore, in order to be certain one is putting the proper amount of human DNA into the analysis, one must determine the concentration of human DNA, independent of whatever bacterial or other DNA might also be in the sample. The method that has been used most often for quantifying the human DNA in forensic samples employs what is known as a slot-blot hybridization procedure. , the (negatively charged) sample DNA is immobilized (blotted) on a (positively charged) nylon membrane, and the membrane is incubated with a piece of DNA (called a probe) that has a sequence that is complementary to a set of sequences that are only found in the DNA of the higher primates.
CODIS provides two searchable databanks, one containing DNA profiles from individuals who have been convicted of one of several felonies, and the other containing DNA profiles from evidence that was obtained from crime scenes. The investigator can search either databank for a match to a particular piece of evidence or individual’s profile. A growing number of ‘‘cold cases,’’ in which investigators had long ago exhausted all available leads, have been cracked when a match was obtained between evidence from the old crime and the profile of a recently convicted (and apparently serial) offender.
DNA that has only degraded slightly may yield good, clean DNA profiles using any of the available tests. As the DNA degrades into progressively smaller fragments, however, the tests that analyze the smallest stretches of DNA are the most likely to yield interpretable results. VNTR testing requires that the average fragment in the DNA be 20–30 kb or longer. Consequently, it is very difficult to perform VNTR tests on highly degraded samples. 4 Furthermore, special protocols that amplify smaller regions (80–120 bp) around the STRs have been developed for the analysis of degraded DNA.